Luther, Martin (1483-1546)
Place of Birth: Born at Eisleben of peasant parents
Description: German reformer
Education: Studied at U. of Erfurt (1501); after narrow escape from death, entered monastery of Augustinian Order (1505), where he first studied Bible diligently; became most learned among Augustinians; especially studied Romans, Galatians, works of William of Occam, Augustine
Christian Work: Professor of theology at U. of Wittenberg, lectured on the Bible and theology; translated NT and OT into German (1522, 1534)
Beliefs and Teachings: Saw truth of justification vs. doctrine of work-righteousness; reformation principles – justification by faith alone, direct access to God, Bible as sole authority for faith and life
Conflict with Catholic Church: Sent by his order as representative to Rome; shocked by corruption at papal court; Ninety-five Theses nailed on church door at Wittenberg challenging to debate on indulgences (Oct. 31, 1517); summoned to Rome by pope to debate with John Eck (1519); issued tracts attacking sacraments and hierarchy, asserting Bible as sole authority, justification by faith, priesthood of all believers; burned bull issued against him (1520); excommunicated and broke with Rome (1521)
Year Married: 1525
Writings: Wrote two catechisms (1529); composed hymn, “A Mighty Fortress”; commentary on Galatians; On the Bandage of the Will
Biographies: Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1950; Judith ONeill, Martin Luther, London: Cambridge University Press, 1975
